How Nursing Standards can be Improved on Critical Care Unit - 550 Words

How Nursing Standards can be Improved on Critical Care Unit (Essay Sample) Content: IMPROVING NURSING STANDARD IN A CRITICAL CARE UNITNameProfessor:Course:Date:Improving Nursing Standard in A Critical Care UnitToday, both hospital nurses as well as administrators ought to enhance nurse working environment. The order is brought about by exceptional national endeavors to address the interlaced issues of social insurance quality as well as nursing supply. Given the worldwide nursing inadequacy, enhancing the nursing workplace has turned into an overall issue. In US, the errands of enhancing a conducive working environment for nurses solely depend on the hospitals themselves. A broad assortment of proof affirms the huge connections between positive working environment, positive medical attendant results of employment fulfillment and maintenance and positive patient results.Lighting ought to be enhanced as ICU blue LED lights produce a sharp spectral of light which contain a high light intensity (Staggs, V. 2012, 196). This is likewise likely to open dang er of damage from medicinal hardware, for example, high-intensity CCU sources. One study found that a light source utilized during both CCU and Surgical operations could possibly bring about retinal harm in surgical and in addition CCU staff.Good ergonomic outline of patient beds to prevent nurses from experiencing back anxiety, exhaustion, and different injuries during nursing operations. Beds should be made in such a way that they can be easily lowered or raised since the patient is in unstable condition. Through this nursing intercession, one will be keen to find out that it will bring about a decrease of back injuries of close to 50 percent. Statistics show that there will be a reduction of 83 for every 200,000 work hours to around 47 for every 200,000 work hoursAdditionally, in the four months after the intercession, there were no injuries which bringing about lost or limited workdays.The critical communication proposes that better workplaces for nurses may minimize VAP hazard in open ICUs than in closed ICU as it may increase the hazardous VAP effect. In the open ICU display, a few medical attendants oversee tolerant consideration. The number and assortment of doctors in open ICUs, notwithstanding better workplaces, may urge nurses to institutionalize VAP preventive consideration to minimize VAP hazard (Dunton et al. 2007, 7). In any case, in closed CCU offer much better nurse conditions as for the better part, they are sheltered from contaminations.Nurses in todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s health environment are progressively faced with moral as well as ethical dilemmas in the ICUs since most patients are in quite an unstable condition. These nurses experience these problems in circumstances where their capacity to make the best choice is regularly prevented by clashing qualities and convictions of other human services suppliers. In these circumstances, maintaining their dedication to patients requires noteworthy good mettle. It is therefore important to offer counse ling sessions to these nurses to live a n...

Invisible Man Questions for Study and Discussion

Invisible Man is an important 20th-century novel by  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Ralph Ellison. What is the meaning of identity, and being invisible? What does the book have to say about society? About ideology? Here are a few questions for study and discussion, related to Invisible Man.   Study Questions What is important about the title?What are the conflicts in Invisible Man? What types of conflict (physical, moral, intellectual, or emotional) are in this novel?How does Ralph Ellison reveal character in Invisible Man?What are some themes in the story? How do they relate to the plot and characters?What are some symbols in Invisible Man? How do they relate to the plot and characters?Is the narrator consistent in his actions? Is he a fully developed character? Why do you think Ralph Ellison left the narrator unknown, absent and nameless (invisible)?Do you find the characters likable? Would you want to meet the characters?Does the novel end the way you expected? How? Why?What is the central/primary purpose of the story? Is the purpose important or meaningful?Is the narrator a strong (or weak) character? How? Why?How essential is the setting to the story? Could the story have taken place anywhere else? In any other time?What (if any) is the role of education in the novel?Why is Invisibl e Man controversial? Why has it been banned?How does Invisible Man relate to current society? Is the novel still relevant?Would you recommend this novel to a friend?

Geography for Homeschoolers

Exercise For Today s Youth - 1552 Words

Daily exercise for today’s youth will benefit them in the long term I believe that physical fitness is very important regarding the overall health of adolescents. Throughout the growing years of teens, our bodies are always changing and with these changes which are both emotional well as physical, our bodies require more and more activity, allowing the body to burn energy along with extra calories. Although many people may feel that concerns relating to physical fitness in adolescents should be the absolute responsibility of parents, I personally believe that our educational system can also play a very important role in ensuring that teens are getting a reasonable amount of physical activity within the course of the school day. As an adolescent, I personally enjoy being involved in sports which is inclusive of physical activity. The teenage years are important in terms of both mental and physical development, and staying fit during adolescence can have benefits that are both physical and psychological. Good or poor fitness habits that a teenager develops during his or her adolescence are likely to last a lifetime, and studies have shown that exercise can be beneficial to a teen s overall health while also promoting a positive body image. The above graph represents a percentage of children. It breaks down the children into three age groups and starts with kindergarten. It also focuses on 6th graders and 9th graders. The numbers reflect the percentage of childrenShow MoreRelatedA Persuasive Thesis Statement On Youth And The Internet Essay1276 Words   |  6 Pages3 May 18, 2015 A Persuasive Thesis Statement on Youth and the Internet Dangers of the Internet, Fact or Fiction? Today’s youth are tomorrow’s leaders. They are our future. So what kind of leaders are we creating? What affects the way our children grow up today? Popular opinion today says that excessive use of the internet is damaging to the youth of the world in many ways. One of the most significant beliefs is that kids today don’t exercise enough because they are on the computer all the timeRead MoreIt Is Essential That Through Government And Community Participation,998 Words   |  4 Pagesor obese. There are so many reasons to exercise, so many benefits of leading a healthy lifestyle. In today s media conscious world we hear bout them, read bout them and are told about them almost everyday. So why do we continually ask the question.. why is Australia s youth becoming increasingly overweight and unfit? There is a simple reason behind this staggering truth, a recent study found that 80 percent of adolescence did very little or no exercise- daily activities such as walking to schoolRead MoreShould Parents Enforce The Usage Of Social Networking From Youth? Essay1518 Words   |  7 PagesShould parents enforce the usage of social networking from youth? For some youth and parents, the answer is clear - social networking does more harm than good. Not everyone thinks the same, however. For example, many people believe that allowing kids to utilize technology into kids’ or teens’ lives allows positive outcomes and new opportunities. Yet, what people have not realize is th at some people are so busy on social networking that they do not comprehend the damage that it is doing to you children’sRead MoreThe Decision, And Impact On Today s Criminal Justice System1024 Words   |  5 Pagesnations have this type of freedom. Therefore, we will take a look at one of the U.S. Supreme Court case (Gerald â€Å"Jerry† Gault) in regards to a juvenile right to consul. Then this learner will briefly discuss the case, the decision, and impact on today s criminal justice system. After which, the discussion will state if source for this case is primary or secondary and what implications that may have for that case. Gerald â€Å"Jerry† Gault (case) Fifteen-year-old Gerald (Jerry) Gault, was arrested forRead MoreThe Wearing Celebrity s Transgression And If Any Negative Implications Allotted By Purchasers1333 Words   |  6 Pagescelebrity on youth Today a youth is more likely to listen to the remarks and impact of an icon than their guardians. With this pattern it is paramount for folks to take a dynamic part in their kid s lives in order to control the negative impact that a big name can have on them. A portion of the impact originates from media sources who have a tendency to blossom with negative conduct instead of the individuals who are having a positive effect in others exists (Barbara, 2012). Sports exercises have beenRead MoreOverweight and Obesity in Australia842 Words   |  3 PagesAustralian’s should put more effort into stopping declining fitness levels and it should start with our youth. The youth of this generation is lacking a healthy amount of physical activity; growing evidence shows that the occurrence of overweight and obesity is dramatically increasing in Australian children and adolescents. If more Australians increased the amount of physical activity they did, and also decided to eat healthier then declining fitness levels would reduce. Australians would benefitRead MoreObesity A Social Problem Or A Epidemic1671 Words   |  7 Pagesis also not just a problem in the United States, but it is a problem on a global scale. I plan to present what could solve the epidemic in the United States I believe that this epidemic can be solve by doing three simple things with our children or youth of our society . By teaching our children how to cook, promoti ng or introducing a fitness programs in our schools and removing unhealthy foods from the schools lunch menus will reduce if not solve this epidemic. When we teach our children how to cookRead MoreObesity A Social Problem Or A Epidemic1670 Words   |  7 Pagesalso not just a problem in the United States, but it is a problem on a global scale. I plan to present what could solve the epidemic in the United States. I believe that this epidemic can be solved by doing three simple things with our children’s or youth of our society. By teaching our children how to cook, promoting fitness program in our schools and removing unhealthy foods from the school lunch menus will reduce if not solve this epidemic. When we teach our children how to cook, we are doing twoRead MoreImproving Sports At School Time1566 Words   |  7 Pagespaper, how How sports can affect children and youth development sports shape students physically and mentally is addressed. It also discusses how mental and social development for kids is associated with a healthy physical practice in school ( Miracle and C. Roger Rees, 1994). Physical Development: To begin with, emphasizing sports education for children can allow youth to deepen their relationship to their body and care for their health. As Robert S. Griffin says in his book â€Å"I have known athletesRead MoreSports Is A Important Part Of Society1214 Words   |  5 PagesSports are a very important part of society. There is always a professional sport going on at all times. Kids today should be involved in as many sports as possible. It is a way for them to get up and get out instead of laying around the house. Nowadays, many kids are very lazy and should be encouraged to participate in team sports, it encourages team work, personal skills, and exercise. When it comes to playing team sports, it involves team work. This is one aspect that all children should have

Martin Luther King Jr. vs. Malcolm X - 997 Words

Martin Luther King Jr. vs. Malcolm X Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X both fought for the same goal, but had different ways of achieving this goal. They both fought against civil rights and were leaders in the civil rights movement. The way they were brought up is a good explanation for their differences; King was brought up in a wealthy family, while X was raised in the ghetto to a poor family. Both fought against unfair laws, Social Discrimination, and Racial segregation, but they both had different ways of going about this. Malcolm X was born on May 19, 1925 and was raised in a completely different atmosphere than King, an atmosphere of fear and anger where the seeds of bitterness were planted. The burning of his house†¦show more content†¦X believed in violence and that blacks need to develop themselves before anything was going to change. King believed the only way to end racial segregation was to Integrate, with whites and blacks going to school together, and living in peace together. Proof of this is in Kings I have a Dream speech. King explained he had a dream where white children and black children would grow up together and live peacefully. Malcolm X believed in separation of the two races but wanted equality. He told the black community that the only way to be equal is to separate from the white race. Malcolm X made speeches saying how all blacks should go to Africa and start their own society. Both Malcolm X and King spread their messages through powerful, hard-hitting speeches. Nevertheless, their intentions were delivered in different styles and purposes. As you can see Malcolm X and Martin Luther King JR both had very different views on conquering the laws, discrimination, and racial segregation that made it hard for blacks to live a comfortable life in the 60s. Malcolms views came from his Islamic faith and poor upbringing, and Kings came from his Baptist faith and his more comfortable life style. Malcolm X and Martin Luther King are both remembered as leaders who fought for a difference in black America. Both tried to bring hope to blacks in the United States. They also tried to instillShow MoreRelatedMalcolm X vs. Martin Luther King Jr.1723 Words   |  7 Pagesthis momentous time in United States history. Speeches during this period served as a means to inspire and assemble a specific group of people, for Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X it was the black community that needed to rise up in hopes of achieving equal rights and voting rights for the blacks. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X were two of the most prominent leaders and orators at the heart of the Civil Rights Movement. Although both leaders possessed the same objectives, theirRead MoreMalcolm X Vs. Martin Luther King Jr. Essay1717 Words   |  7 Pagesthis momentous time in United States history. Speeches during this period served as a means to inspire and assemble a specific group of people, for Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X it was the black community that needed to rise up in hopes of achieving equal rights and voting rights for the blacks. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X were two of the most prominent leaders and orators at the heart of the Civil Rights Movement. Although both leaders possessed the same objectives, theirRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr. vs. Malcolm X1263 Words   |  6 Pages* Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X are two people on different ends of the scales, with totally different up-bringings. * King was brought up by a rich black family,with a good education, and a good chance at life. He was a black aristocrat, and a wealthy man. * Malcolm X was brought up in the ghetto, and had to learn to defend himself against racist white children. He was deptived of his father, who was found dead, murdered by a white mob. His mother became mentally ill so he wasRead MoreEssay about Malcolm X vs Martin Luther King Jr1804 Words   |  8 Pagesopposed civil rights activists Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X. In the 1960’s the African American community became increasingly active in the struggle for civil rights. Although the concept race is an arbitrary societal construct based on the color of an individual’s skin and his or her geographic origin, it has had a profound impact not only on the founding and formation of our country but also the development modern American society. King and Malcolm X are two powerful men in particularRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement712 Words   |  3 Pagesthough the actions taken by Malcolm X were of good intentions, they ended up causing a ripple between African Am ericans. On the other hand Martin Luther King Jr. identified that if people were going to respond to hatred with more hatred then there will be little chances for change and substance which was never understood by Malcolm. He was, of course, powerful and strong as an Africa American commanding huge followers and believers, but things did not end well as Malcolm X dies in the hand of his ownRead MoreMartin Luther King vs. Malcolm X Essay825 Words   |  4 PagesTwo of the greatest know civil rights speakers in the United States was Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm x. Both of these men had two very different views on what they thought would be the best way for blacks to get equality. Martin Luther King Jr. believed in his main philosophy which was non violent resistance. Martin used the teachings from Ghandi to teach African Americans how to use non violent resistance as a way to earn equality. He also believed that blacks should try to find commonRead MoreEssay Philosophies an d Tactics of Dr. King and Malcolm X1492 Words   |  6 Pagesminorities. Among them, Martin Luther King and Malcolm X had an everlasting effect on the treatment of minorities in the United States. Although their philosophies and tactics differed greatly, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X helped shape the Civil Rights Movement and make the United States a better place for people regardless of their race. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X had different beliefs and goals for the Civil Rights Movement. While Martin Luther King Jr. took a more peacefulRead MoreMartin Luther King Vs Malcolm X1436 Words   |  6 PagesSelene Sandoval Professor Solheim History 108 CRN # 20244 16 October 2016 Martin Luther King VS Malcolm X Ronald Regan once said: â€Å"Freedom is never more than one generation away from extinction. We didn t pass it to our children in the bloodstream. It must be fought for, protected, and handed on for them to do the same.† In fact, American history has had a great deal of leaders that brought change by improving the lives of others. These leaders introduced new ideas, models, and theories toRead MoreCivil War Movement : Martin Luther King Jr Malcolm X1212 Words   |  5 Pages Research paper History 11.21 December 23, 2014 Civil War Movement: Martin Luther King Jr/ Malcolm X Many years after blacks had received citizenship and the right to vote there was still much bias against them. Because of their skin color African Americans hadn’t been treated fairly and did not have the same rights as whites. In theRead MoreA Research on The Civil Rights Movement1448 Words   |  6 PagesMovement (Martin Luther King Jr. Vs Malcolm X) and will be focusing on two important icons that have an important part of African American History. I am going to further discuss in this research paper, â€Å"What were the views of Martin Luther King. Jr and Malcolm X during the Civil Rights movement? What were their goals and methods to achieve equality and peace?† Both leaders wanted to unite the black race with the white race and achieve equal rights. Martin Luther King. Jr and Malcolm X were both very

Creating and Sustaining Successful Growth †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Creating and Sustaining Successful Growth. Answer: Introduction: According to the list of best places to work in UK and Europe, I have come to understanding that they follow creative and innovative motivational strategies. Expedia, the best company in UK provides its employees with flex and auto-enrolment benefits (Greatplacetowork.net 2017). They also have Destination Benefits which was announced by adopting an innovative method for communication and not via email. The pension contribution has been changed to 1% employee and 3% employer, 2% employee and 4% employer, and 3% employee and 5% employer (Paterson 2014). Other companies such as Impact International, Cisco, Unilever, Accenture and others offer flexible benefits to its employees (Greatplacetowork.net, 2017). They offer a range of core benefits such as life insurance, critical illness insurance and private medical insurance. Mars is one of the best multinational companies in Europe that provides the employees with competitive pay and benefits. There is fair compensation for all employees t hat is regarded as a significant motivational factor. Further, the organization allows planning for the retirement so that the employees have sufficient savings (Mars.com 2017). Hilton offers its employees with HHonors loyalty points and offers paid parental leave and reimbursements (Reviews.greatplacetowork.com 2017). Therefore, these companies use innovative methods to boost the motivational level of its employees. According to Zigarelli (2013), the trait and behaviour theories of leadership are different from each other. The trait theory states that a leader is born and they have personal characteristics such as driven and charismatic. However, the behaviourist theory states that leadership can be nurtured and taught by providing the people with effective skills of becoming a leader. It believes that a good leader can be made with proper training. Both the theories are valid as a lot of research have been conducted that forms the foundation and basis of the theories. Effective team leaders do not magically appear in the organizations. Some people may be natural leaders, but they can develop their skills for effective leadership. This can be explained using an example as a good leader needs discipline. The leader that shows potential can be selected. The leaders can develop discipline in personal and professional life. The leaders must demonstrate discipline by meeting deadlines, ending meetings on time, and keeping appointments. The leaders can develop their leadership skills by stepping out of the comfort zone and develop their leadership skills. Therefore, in this way the effective leaders can be selected and developed (Katzenbach and Smith 2015). Power and Politics According to the case study, If I were Samantha Parks, I would choose to prioritize tasks based on its level of difficulty. I would take a similar approach where the managers are advised not to sweat the small stuff. Delegating a small part of work to the employees shall allow me to focus on the bigger picture (Rees and Porter 2015). Samantha Parks can deal with the concern by stating the guidelines and describing her involvement in the project so that full control is not given. Samantha can control by setting deadlines for the people while collaborating with them and making changes. Executives must have minimal control over the projects. It is not appropriate to have control simply to have an authority over people but it should be done to be successful. They have a right to control projects as long as the project is not going in line and not running smoothly. There are a few tasks that the top executive must never choose to delegate to its employees such as setting vision. Vision is the essence of leadership and the employees must not hand over creating vision to someone else. Further, hiring decisions must be made by the top executives (Mueller and Vogelsmeier 2013). Organisational Change Sustaining innovation is an incremental innovation that enables or sustains an existing product. It does not create a new market for products, but it involves improvement and modifications in the existing ones. A few examples are Macintosh, iPhone, iPad, hard disk drives and mini laptops. These products made improvements in the already existing products so that the companies could survive in the dynamic market. Amongst all, iPhone and iPad were the two products that mainly affected me in the last year (Christensen and Raynor 2013). The disruptive innovations can be defined as an innovation that can create a new market by disrupting an existing market. A few examples of disruptive innovations are smartphone, digital electronic devices, Wikipedia, LCD and Ultrasound. These technologies have added comfort to the normal life and are available at cheaper prices. For the same reasons, I have welcomed these into my life as they have several benefits. My life has become comparatively easier and better because of such benefits. These disruptive innovations have made extensive complicated products affordable and accessible while targeting the price sensitive users (Reinhardt and Gurtner 2015). In the past 11 weeks, I have covered multiple topics on Organizational Behavior. I covered topics such as interpersonal skills, motivation, group behavior, leadership style, conflict management, structure, predominant leadership style and training. Every organization differs in cultural context in terms of ordering of beliefs, assumptions and values. For example, there are organizations that follow different set of training methods or leadership style for managing and developing the employees. The organizational culture adapts overtime to meet the changing demands and dynamic changes to gain competitive advantage. Motivation helps the organization to perform smoothly and efficiently (Zhong, Wayne and Liden 2016). All the practices are culturally relative as interpersonal skills can be developed using appropriate leadership style. All the practices are linked with one another and every factor is relatively important. The human resources put effort to reduce conflicts among the employe es which is a critical part of management. The organizations need quality staff to operate in an environment that goes through dynamic changes. It creates and sustains organizations competitive advantage. Organizational fit covers a range of organizational attributes which is the most common and frequently cited element that centres on the congruence between individual and organizational values (Kehoe and Wright 2013). References Christensen, C. and Raynor, M., 2013.The innovator's solution: Creating and sustaining successful growth. NY: Harvard Business Review Press. Greatplacetowork.net, 2017.Best Multinational Workplaces in Europe - Great Place to Work Global. [online] Greatplacetowork.net. Available at: https://www.greatplacetowork.net/best-companies/best-workplaces-in-europe/best-multinational-workplaces-in-europe [Accessed 2 Oct. 2017]. Katzenbach, J.R. and Smith, D.K., 2015.The wisdom of teams: Creating the high-performance organization. NY: Harvard Business Review Press. Kehoe, R.R. and Wright, P.M., 2013. The impact of high-performance human resource practices on employees attitudes and behaviors.Journal of management,39(2), pp.366-391. Mars.com, 2017.Competitive Pay and Benefits. [online] Mars, Incorporated. Available at: https://www.mars.com/global/careers/work-at-mars/pay-benefits [Accessed 2 Oct. 2017]. Mueller, C. and Vogelsmeier, A., 2013. Effective delegation: Understanding responsibility, authority, and accountability.Journal of Nursing Regulation,4(3), pp.20-27. Paterson, J., 2014.Expedia aligns flex and auto-enrolment - Employee Benefits. [online] Employee Benefits. Available at: https://www.employeebenefits.co.uk/issues/march-online-2014/expedia-aligns-flex-and-auto-enrolment/ [Accessed 2 Oct. 2017]. Rees, W.D. and Porter, C., 2015. Delegationa crucial but sadly neglected management skill.Industrial and Commercial Training,47(6), pp.320-325. Reinhardt, R. and Gurtner, S., 2015. Differences between early adopters of disruptive and sustaining innovations.Journal of Business Research,68(1), pp.137-145. Reviews.greatplacetowork.com, 2017.Hilton. [online] Reviews.greatplacetowork.com. Available at: https://reviews.greatplacetowork.com/hilton [Accessed 2 Oct. 2017]. Zhong, L., Wayne, S.J. and Liden, R.C., 2016. Job engagement, perceived organizational support, high?performance human resource practices, and cultural value orientations: A cross?level investigation.Journal of Organizational Behavior,37(6), pp.823-844. Zigarelli, M., 2013.Ten Leadership Theories in Five Minutes. [online] YouTube. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XKUPDUDOBVo [Accessed 3 Oct. 2017].

Sistine Chapel Essay Example For Students

Sistine Chapel Essay Papal chapel in the Vatican Palace that was erected in 1473-81 by the architect Giovanni dei Dolci for Pope Sixtus IV hence its name. It is famous for its Renaissance frescoes by Michelangelo. The Sistine Chapel is a rectangular brick building with six arched windows on each of the two main or side walls and a barrel-vaulted ceiling. The chapels exterior is drab and unadorned, but its interior walls and ceiling are decorated with frescoes by many Florentine Renaissance masters. The frescoes on the side walls of the chapel were painted from 1481 to 1483. On the north wall are six frescoes depicting events from the life of Christ as painted by Perugino, Pinturicchio, Sandro Botticelli, Domenico Ghirlandajo, and Cosimo Rosselli. On the south wall are six other frescoes depicting events from the life of Moses by Perugino, Pinturicchio, Botticelli, Domenico and Benedetto Ghirlandajo, Rosselli, Luca Signorelli, and Bartolomeo della Gatta. Above these works, smaller frescoes between the windows depict various popes. For great ceremonial occasions the lowest portions of the side walls were covered with a series of tapestries depicting events from the Gospels and the Acts of the Apostles. These were designed by Raphael and woven in 1515-19 at Brussels. The most important artworks in the chapel are the frescoes by Michelangelo on the ceiling and on the west wall behind the altar. The frescoes on the ceiling, collectively known as the Sistine Ceiling, were commissioned by Pope Julius II in 1508 and were painted by Michelangelo in the years from 1508 to 1512. They depict incidents and personages from the Old Testament. The Last Judgment fresco on the west wall was painted by Michelangelo for Pope Paul III in the period from 1534 to 1541. These two gigantic frescoes are among the greatest achievements of Western painting. A 10-year-long cleaning and restoration of the Sistine Ceiling completed in 1989 removed several centuries accumulation of dirt, smoke, and varnish. Cleaning and restoration of the Last Judgment was completed in 1994. As the popes own chapel, the Sistine Chapel is the site of the principal papal ceremonies and is used by the Sacred College of Cardinals for their election of a new pope when there is a vacancy.